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datasheet ds_q48sk12025_07012010 applications ? telecom / datacom ? wireless networks ? optical network equipment ? server and data storage ? industrial / testing equipment options ? latched over current protection ? positive on/off logic ? heat spreader available for extended operation. features ? high efficiency : 95.2% @ 12v/25a ? size: 57.9x36.8x11.2mm (2.28?x1.45?x0.44?) (w/o heat spreader) 57.9*36.8*12.7mm (2.28?*1.45?0.50?) (with heat spreader) ? standard footprint ? industry standard pin out ? fixed frequency operation ? input uvlo, output ocp, ovp, otp ? hiccup output over current protection (ocp) ? hiccup output over voltage protection (ovp) ? auto recovery otp and input uvlo ? 2250v isolation and basic insulation ? no minimum load required ? iso 9001, tl 9000, iso 14001, qs9000, ohsas18001 certified manufacturing facility ? ul/cul 60950-1 (us & canada) recognized delphi series q48sk, quarter brick family dc/dc power modules: 36~75v in, 12v/25a out, 300w the delphi series q48sk12025, quarter brick, 36~75v input, single output, isolated dc/dc converter is the latest offering from a world leader in power system and technology and manufacturing D delta electronics, inc. this product provides up to 300 watts of power in an industry standard footprint and pin out. with creative design technology and optimization of component placement, these converters possess outstanding electrical and thermal performances, as well as extremely high reliability under highly stressful operating conditions. the q48sk12025 offers more than 95.2% high efficiency at 25a full load. the q48sk12025 is fully protected from abnormal input/output voltage, current, and temperature conditions and meets all safety requirements with basic insulation.
ds_q48sk12025_07012010 2 technical specifications (t a =25c, airflow rate=300 lfm, v in =48vdc, nominal vout unless otherwise noted; parameter notes and conditions q48sk12025 (standard) min. typ. max. units absolute maximum ratings input voltage continuous 80 vdc transient 100ms 100 vdc operating hot spot temperature (without heat spreader) refer to figure 18 for measuring point -40 118 c operating case temperature (with heat spreader) refer to figure 20 for measuring point -40 112 c storage temperature -55 125 c input/output isolation voltage 2250 vdc input characteristics operating input voltage 36 48 75 vdc input under-voltage lockout turn-on voltage threshold 32.0 34.0 36.0 vdc turn-off voltage threshold 30.0 32.0 34.0 vdc lockout hysteresis voltage 2 vdc maximum input current 100% load, 36vin 11 a no-load input current vin=48v, io=0a 160 ma off converter input current vin=48v, io=0a 10 ma inrush current (i 2 t) 1 a 2 s input reflected-ripple current p-p thru 12h inductor, 5hz to 20mhz 10 ma input voltage ripple rejection 120 hz -30 db output characteristics output voltage set point vin=48v, io=0, tc=25c 11.4 11.7 12.0 vdc output voltage regulation over load vin=48v, io=io,min to io,max ? 30 ? 80 mv over line vin=36v to 75v, io=io min ? 50 mv over temperature vin=48v, tc=-40c to 85c ? 100 mv total output voltage range over sample load, line and temperature 11.2 12.0 vdc output voltage ripple and noise 5hz to 20mhz bandwidth peak-to-peak full load, 1f ceramic, 10f tantalum 120 mv rms full load, 1f ceramic, 10f tantalum 50 mv operating output current range 0 25 a output dc current-limit inception output voltage 10% low 110 140 % dynamic characteristics output voltage current transient 48v, 10f tan & 1f ceramic load cap, 0.1a/s positive step change in output current 50% io.max to 75% io.max 300 mv negative step change in output current 75% io.max to 50% io.max 300 mv settling time (within 1% vout nominal) 300 s turn-on transient start-up time, from on/off control 70 ms start-up time, from input 80 ms maximum output capacitance full load; 20000 f efficiency 100% load vin=48v 95.2 % 60% load vin=48v 94.7 % isolation characteristics input to output 2250 vdc isolation resistance 10 m ? isolation capacitance 1000 pf feature characteristics switching frequency 160 khz on/off control, negative remote on/off logic logic low (module on) von/off at ion/off=1.0ma 0 0.8 v logic high (module off) von/off at ion/off=0.0 a 2 50 v on/off control, positive remote on/off logic logic low (module off) von/off at ion/off=1.0ma 0 0.8 v logic high (module on) von/off at ion/off=0.0 a 2 50 v on/off current (for both remote on/off logic) ion/off at von/off=0.0v 1 ma leakage current (for both remote on/off logic) logic high, von/off=15v 50 ua output over-voltage protection over full temp range; % of nominal vout 115 140 % general specifications mtbf (with heat spreader) io=100% of io, max; tc=40c;airflow=600lfm 2.6 m hours weight(without heat spreader) 50.5 grams weight(with heat spreader) 65.5 grams over-temperature shutdown ( without heat spreader) refer to figure 18 for measuring point 126 c over-temperature shutdown (with heat spreader) refer to figure 20 for measuring point 122 c
ds_q48sk12025_07012010 3 electrical characteristics curves 70 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 02468101214161820222426 48v 36v 75v 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 48v 36v 75v figure 1: efficiency vs. load current for minimum, nominal, and maximum input voltage at 85c. figure 2: power dissipation vs. load current for minimum, nominal, and maximum input voltage at 85c. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 input voltage (v) input current (a) figure 3: typical full load input characteristics at room temperature.
ds_q48sk12025_07012010 4 electrical characteristics curves for negative remote on/off logic figure 4: turn-on transient at zero load current) (20ms/div). top trace: vout; 5v/div; bottom trace: on/off input: 2v/div. figure 5: turn-on transient at full rated load current (20 ms/div). top trace: vout: 5v/div; bottom trace: on/off input: 2v/div. for input voltage start up figure 6: turn-on transient at zero load current (20 ms/div). top trace: vout; 5v/div; bottom trace: input voltage: 30v/div. figure 7 : turn-on transient at full rated load current (20 ms/div). top trace: vout; 5v/div; bottom trace: input voltage: 30v/div.
ds_q48sk12025_07012010 5 electrical characteristics curves figure 8: output voltage response to step-change in load current (75%-50% of io, max; di/dt = 0.1a/s). load cap: 10f, tantalum capacitor and 1f ceramic capacitor. top trace: vout; 100mv/div; bottom trace: output current: 10a/div figure 9: output voltage response to step-change in load current (50%-75% of io, max; di/dt = 0.1a/s). load cap: 10f, tantalum capacitor and 1f ceramic capacitor. top trace: vout; 100mv/div; bottom trace: output current: 10a/div figure 10: test set-up diagram showing measurement points for input terminal ripple current and input reflected ripple current. note: measured input reflected-ripple current with a simulated source inductance (l test ) of 12 h. capacitor cs offset possible battery impedance. measure current as shown above. figure 11: input terminal ripple current, i c , at full rated output current and nominal input voltage with 12h source impedance and 33f electrolytic capacitor (200 ma/div ? 2us/div).
ds_q48sk12025_07012010 6 electrical characteristics curves figure 12: input reflected ripple current, i s , through a 12h source inductor at nominal input voltage and rated load current (20 ma/div ? 2us/div). figure 13: output voltage noise and ripple measurement test setup. 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 output current (a) output voltage (v) figure 14: output voltage ripple at nominal input voltage and rated load current (io=25a)(10 mv/div, 2us/div) load capacitance: 1f ceramic capacitor and 10f tantalum capacitor. bandwidth: 20 mhz. figure 15: output voltage vs. load current showing typical current limit curves and converter shutdown points.
ds_q48sk12025_07012010 7 design considerations input source impedance the impedance of the input source connecting to the dc/dc power modules will interact with the modules and affect the stability. a low ac-impedance input source is recommended. if the source inductance is more than a few h, we advise adding a 10 f to 100 f electrolytic capacitor (esr < 0.7 ? at 100 khz) mounted close to the input of the module to improve the stability. layout and emc considerations delta?s dc/dc power modules are designed to operate in a wide variety of systems and applications. for design assistance with emc compliance and related pwb layout issues, please contact delta?s technical support team. an external input filter module is available for easier emc compliance design. application notes to assist designers in addressing these issues are pending release. safety considerations the power module must be installed in compliance with the spacing and separation requirements of the end-user?s safety agency standard, i.e., ul60950-1, can/csa-c22.2, no. 60950-1 and en60950-1+a11 and iec60950-1, if the system in which the power module is to be used must meet safety agency requirements. basic insulation based on 75 vdc input is provided between the input and output of the module for the purpose of applying insulation requirements when the input to this dc-to-dc converter is identified as tnv-2 or selv. an additional evaluation is needed if the source is other than tnv-2 or selv. when the input source is selv circuit, the power module meets selv (safety extra-low voltage) requirements. if the input source is a hazardous voltage which is greater than 60 vdc and less than or equal to 75 vdc, for the module?s output to meet selv requirements, all of the following must be met: ? the input source must be insulated from the ac mains by reinforced or double insulation. ? the input terminals of the module are not operator accessible. ? if the metal baseplate is grounded , the output must be also grounded. ? a selv reliability test is conducted on the system where the module is used , in combination with the module, to ensure that under a single fault, hazardous voltage does not appear at the module?s output. when installed into a class ii equipment (without grounding), spacing consideration should be given to the end-use installation, as the spacing between the module and mounting surface have not been evaluated. the power module has extra-low voltage (elv) outputs when all inputs are elv. this power module is not internally fused. to achieve optimum safety and system protection, an input line fuse is highly recommended. the safety agencies require a normal-blow fuse with 30a maximum rating to be installed in the ungrounded lead. a lower rated fuse can be used based on the maximum inrush transient energy and maximum input current. soldering and cleaning considerations post solder cleaning is usually the final board assembly process before the board or system undergoes electrical testing. inadequate cleaning and/or drying may lower the reliability of a power module and severely affect the finished circuit board assembly test. adequate cleaning and/or drying is especially important for un-encapsulated and/or open frame type power modules. for assistance on appropriate soldering and cleaning procedures, please contact delta?s technical support team.
ds_q48sk12025_07012010 8 features descriptions over-current protection the modules include an internal output over-current protection circuit, which will endure current limiting for an unlimited duration during output overload. if the output current exceeds the ocp set point, the modules will shut down (hiccup mode). the modules will try to restart after shutdown. if the overload condition still exists, the module will shut down again. this restart trial will continue until the overload condition is corrected. over-voltage protection the modules include an internal output over-voltage protection circuit, which monitors the voltage on the output terminals. if this voltage exceeds the over-voltage set point, the protection circuit will constrain the max duty clcyle to limit the output voltage, if the output voltage continlously increases the modules will shut down, and then restart after a hiccup-time (hiccup mode). over-temperature protection the over-temperature protection consists of circuitry that provides protection from thermal damage. if the temperature exceeds the over-temperature threshold the module will shut down. the module will restart after the temperature is within specification. remote on/off the remote on/off feature on the module can be either negative or positive logic. negative logic turns the module on during a logic low and off during a logic high. positive logic turns the modules on during a logic high and off during a logic low. remote on/off can be controlled by an external switch between the on/off terminal and the vi (-) terminal. the switch can be an open collector or open drain. for negative logic if the remote on/off feature is not used, please short the on/off pin to vi (-). for positive logic if the remote on/off feature is not used, please leave the on/off pin to floating. figure 16: remote on/off implementation
ds_q48sk12025_07012010 9 thermal considerations thermal management is an important part of the system design. to ensure proper, reliable operation, sufficient cooling of the power module is needed over the entire temperature range of the module. convection cooling is usually the dominant mode of heat transfer. hence, the choice of equipment to characterize the thermal performance of the power module is a wind tunnel. thermal testing setup delta?s dc/dc power modules are characterized in heated vertical wind tunnels that simulate the thermal environments encountered in most electronics equipment. this type of equipment commonly uses vertically mounted circuit cards in cabinet racks in which the power modules are mounted. the following figure shows the wind tunnel characterization setup. the power module is mounted on a test pwb and is vertically positioned within the wind tunnel. the space between the neighboring pwb and the top of the power module is constantly kept at 6.35mm (0.25??). note: wind tunnel test setup figure dimensions are in millimeters and (inches) 12.7 (0.5?) module a ir flow 50.8 ( 2.0? ) facing pwb pwb a ir velocit y a nd ambien t temperature measured below the module figure 17: wind tunnel test setup thermal derating heat can be removed by increasing airflow over the module. to enhance system reliability, the power module should always be operated below the maximum operating temperature. if the temperature exceeds the maximum module temperature, reliability of the unit may be affected.
ds_q48sk12025_07012010 10 thermal curves (with heat spreader) figure 20: temperature measurement location * the allowed maximum hot spot temperature is defined at 112 j q48sk12025(standard) output current vs. ambient temperature and air velocity @vin = 48v (transverse orientation,with heatspreader) 0 5 10 15 20 25 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 ambient temperature ( ?? ) output current(a) natural convection 100lfm 200lfm 300lfm 400lfm 500lfm 600lfm figure 21: output current vs. ambient temperature and air velocity @vin=48v(transverse orientation, with heat spreader) thermal curves (without heat spreader) figure 18: temperature measurement location * the allowed maximum hot spot temperature is defined at 118 j q48sk12025(standard) output current vs. ambient temperature and air velocity @vin = 48v (transverse orientation) 0 5 10 15 20 25 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 ambient temperature ( ?? ) output current(a) natural convection 100lfm 200lfm 300lfm 400lfm 500lfm 600lfm figure 19: output current vs. ambient temperature and air velocity @vin=48v(transverse orientation, without heat spreader)
ds_q48sk12025_07012010 11 mechanical drawing (with heat spreader) * for modules with through-hole pins and the optional heat spreader, they are intended for wave soldering assembly onto system boards; please do not subject such modules through reflow temperature profile.
ds_q48sk12025_07012010 12 mechanical drawing (without heat spreader) pin no. name function 1 2 3 4 5 6 +vin on/off case -vin -vout +vout positive input voltage remote on/off optional negative input voltage negative output voltage positive output voltage pin specification: pins 1-4 1.00mm (0.040?) diameter pins 5 &6 1.50mm (0.059?) diameter all pins are copper with tin plating.
ds_q48sk12025_07012010 13 part numbering system part numbering system q 48 s k 120 25 n r f a form factor input voltage number of outputs product series output voltage output current on/off logic pin length option code q - quarter brick 48-36v~75v s - single k- qb high power series 120 - 12v 25 - 25a n - negative p - positive k - 0.110? n - 0.146? r - 0.170? f- rohs 6/6 (lead free) space- rohs5/6 a - std. functions without case pin h-with heat spreader and case pin n- with heat spreader without case pin model list model name input output eff @ 100% load q48sk12025nrfa 36v~75v 11a 12v 25a 95.2% q48sk12025nrfh 36v~75v 11a 12v 25a 95.2% q48sk12025nrfn 36v~75v 11a 12v 25a 95.2% q48sk12025nnfn 36v~75v 11a 12v 25a 95.2% default remote on/off logic is negative and pin length is 0.170? for different remote on/off logic and pin length, please refer to part numbering system above or contact your local sales * for modules with through-hole pins and the optional heat spreader, they are intended for wave soldering assembly onto system boards; please do not subject such modules through reflow temperature profile. contact : www.delta.com.tw/dcdc usa: telephone: east coast: (888) 335 8201 west coast: (888) 335 8208 fax: (978) 656 3964 email: dcdc@delta-corp.com europe: phone: +41 31 998 53 11 fax: +41 31 998 53 53 email: dcdc@delta-es.com asia & the rest of world: telephone: +886 3 4526107 ext 6220~6224 fax: +886 3 4513485 email: dcdc@delta.com.tw warranty delta offers a two (2) year limited warranty. complete warranty information is listed on our web site or is available upon request from delta. information furnished by delta is believed to be accurate and reliable. however, no responsibility is assumed by delta for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties, which may result from its use. no license is grante d by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of delta. delta reserves the right to revise these specifications at any time, without notice .

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